Understanding the options
Different problems require different reconstructive plans.
These introductions explain the main distinctions. Dedicated pages can expand on the individual conditions and procedures after their clinical scope is confirmed.
Skin Cancer & Reconstruction
Skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma may require surgical treatment. Assessment considers the diagnosis, tumour location and extent, previous treatment, and the patient's overall health. The appropriate method of tumour removal and margin assessment depends on the cancer and available clinical resources.
Reconstruction may involve direct closure, a skin graft, or a local flap, depending on the defect and the need to preserve structures such as the eyelids, nose, lips, and ears. Cancer clearance and appropriate follow-up remain essential. A single-stage reconstruction is not always possible or preferable, and further treatment may be required if pathological findings indicate it.
Scar & Keloid Surgery
Scars may cause symptoms, contracture, restriction of movement, or concerns about appearance. Hypertrophic scars and keloids have different behaviour and may require different management. Assessment considers the original injury or operation, scar maturity, location, symptoms, and previous treatment.
Options may include observation, silicone-based treatment, pressure therapy where appropriate, injections, laser treatment, or surgical revision. Keloids have a significant risk of recurrence, particularly after excision alone, and combined treatment may be considered. No treatment can guarantee a scar-free result or prevent recurrence in every patient.
Facial Trauma
Facial injuries may involve skin, soft tissues, cartilage, bone, nerves, or structures important for breathing, vision, and facial movement. Selected nasal fractures and facial wounds may require surgical assessment, but treatment depends on the injury and associated findings.
Management may include wound care, soft-tissue repair, fracture reduction, or referral for specialist treatment. The timing of intervention depends on the injury, swelling, and medical priorities. Persistent deformity, breathing difficulty, sensory changes, or other functional concerns may require further assessment. Severe or acute injuries should be assessed through an appropriate emergency service.